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Author(s): 

PIRHADI M.R.

Journal: 

AZAD LEGAL RESEARCHES

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2007
  • Volume: 

    -
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    0-0
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    4277
  • Downloads: 

    0
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

The future goods not only include generic goods but also the goods to be manufactured exclusively or solely for buyer that it may be movable or immovable like an apartment or flat in a site or building. When the subject of a contract in sale of goods is purely generic goods by description, no property in the goods is transferred to the buyer unless and until the goods are ascertained. In other words the property in the goods of that description, if unconditionally appropriated to the contract, passes to the buyer. Where there is a contract for the sale of future goods to be manufactured exclusively or solely for the buyer the property in the goods passes to the buyer at the time the goods completely is manufactured. The parties may intend to pass the property gradually during the manufacturing, fixing and installing of each part of the goods.The future goods also includes the goods to be grown as an agricultural product in a specific farm or garden for the contract .where there is a contract for the sale of goods to be grown as an agricultural product in a specific farm or garden if the sort or quality of that kind of the product is formed and in other words when there is the first step of that quality and kind of the product, the property passes at the time of making of the contract. The parties may agree that the property passes at the time the product to be completed and attain perfection or even passes at the time after reaping and harvesting of the product.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    55-78
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    163
  • Downloads: 

    19
Abstract: 

Purpose: The science of interpretation, as the most important science responsible for understanding the Qur'an, needs to be methodized and updated so that the teachings of the Qur'an can be used easily for all classes of people. In the present study, the meaning of "future research in interpretation" is the ability to create desirable models for more efficient interpretation in the future, by using scientific tools, creativity and relying on the foundations and rules of interpretation and compensating the damages of interpretation in the past.Method: This research, with descriptive analytical method, answers the question, what are the fields and requirements of future research in interpretation? Findings: The results of the current research are based on the fact that special attention to the Qur'an, as the most important source of interpretation, rationality and methodical consideration in interpretation, attention to the prerequisites of interpretation, interpretation based on the requirements of the time, the need to pay attention to thematic interpretation, studying on the history of interpretation and observing the manners and conditions of interpretation are one of the most important requirements of interpretation in the future. Results: Considering the developments that will take place in the field of knowledge, methods and expectations from science in the future, the interpretation will also change. For this reason, in order not to cause various damages to the interpretation of the Qur'an, it is necessary to pay attention to the various contexts, principles and requirements of the interpretation of the Qur'anic commentators and scholars.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1383
  • Volume: 

    4
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    433
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2024
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    4
  • Pages: 

    295-315
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    20
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In a relatively emerging process, incurable patients are kept frozen in the hope that definitive treatment will be discovered in the future. This descriptive-analytical study discusses the intellectual property rights of these individuals for the first time. In the case of these patients, there are two assumptions: death and life. The Republic of jurists, who have accepted the basis of this method, believe in the presumption of life, and therefore this strong theory can be accepted. Therefore, it can be assumed that the patient's intellectual property is managed by a lawyer or trustee. According to legal custom, the trustee must respect the side of the trust and only proceed with the transfer of the plan if the economic principles of such an economy. But the powers of the lawyer are specified and absolute in the contract. There is a lot of debate about the seizure of intellectual property, but the jurisprudence is that if the material income of the intellectual property is not enough to settle the debt, then the seizure of this property will take place. In a situation where the owner of the project is not able to manage the intellectual property, there is no concern to protect the right to manage the intellectual property and therefore the judicial procedure moves towards the direct seizure of the intellectual property.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    181-202
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    198
  • Downloads: 

    24
Abstract: 

Purpose: The future of the construction industry is increasingly influenced by new technologies. In order to adopt appropriate strategies in facing new technologies, it is necessary to know the possible futures of the construction industry. This research was done with the aim of explaining the technological uncertainties and compiling the future scenarios of the construction industry.  Method: The research method is applied and was carried out with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. First, the library study was used to determine the technological drivers, then the Structural Analysis was used to explain the technological uncertainties, and finally, the Schwartz method was used to compile the scenarios. The statistical population is experts of construction industry. Findings: Nine technological uncertainties affecting the future of the construction industry have been identified and for each of them, three states of decline, stagnation and progress have been considered. Data analysis by Scenario Wizard shows eight probable scenarios. The portfolio of scenarios including four groups of progress scenarios, towards progress, towards stagnation, and towards wane has been compiled. Conclusion: In the progress scenario, the 89% of uncertainties have developed. In  towards progress, 56% of the factors are in the development status, which indicates the development of the technological factor application. In the stagnation scenario, no progress has been made in the application of uncertainties and they are in a static state. In towards wane, uncertainties have been placed in a situation of reduced use.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    9
  • Issue: 

    1
  • Pages: 

    147-182
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    59
  • Downloads: 

    13
Abstract: 

The sale of a future property is a transaction in which the property does not yet exist at the time of the contract’s conclusion but will exist in the future. The property may be passing of ownership or an ascertained (i.e. definite and specific) object. This study investigated the latter type, that is, the sale of a future ascertained object. There are two obstacles to the validity of this contract. The first obstacle is the impossibility of ownership of nonexistent. The second obstacle is that this type of sale is uncertain (Bai' al-Gharar). However, from an analytical point of view, neither of the said obstacles can impair the validity of this type of contract because both obstacles can be overcome. In French Civil Code, making commitments concerning a future property is explicitly authorized. In English law, the sale of future property, which is a type of unascertained property, is not known as a transfer, but as an agreement to transfer. In the Iranian legal system, the legislator has not addressed this subject through a general rule. However, belief in the accuracy can be improved through foundations governing the legal system and some sporadic legal texts including Article 842 of the Civil Code. This study is conducted by means of a descriptive-analytical method.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    79-101
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    324
  • Downloads: 

    23
Abstract: 

Purpose: The present research aimed at finding an answer to the question of the process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in the future, and the influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, the poet, the media that published the poem, the process of composing the poem, the rights of the author, and Globalization of the Iranian poetry. Method: The Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in the fields of Communication and Literature was selected. The expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, and by the execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering the content, the experts predicted that due to the impact of cyberspace, the quality of the poetry will be reduced and consequently, the language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect the daily events of life. Regarding the audience, they concluded that the audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between the public and professional audience. With respect to the sender, there will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding the channel, the experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, the poets’ agency in publishing their own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that the spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is the only case in which the group believes in the impact of technology on the future of poetry. The group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding the impact of technology on the phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and the Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed these items in the framework of the human agency.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    1395
  • Volume: 

    2
Measures: 
  • Views: 

    759
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    235-252
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    147
  • Downloads: 

    24
Abstract: 

Purpose: Something that happens in the future of a scientific field depends on today's view of young people about the future. The perception of young people from the future and their conception of the future is very important. The purpose of this study was to imaging the future of sports science from the perspective of educated youth. Method: The method of the present research is qualitative and exploratory research and in terms of purpose is applied research. The statistical population of the study included educated youth who are familiar with sports science and the snowball sampling method was used for interviews and theoretical saturation were obtained with 23 interviews. To analyze the data, the content analysis method has been used to obtain the information of this research. Findings: The results show the future of sports science among educated youth consists of seven main concepts that include: hope for a green education system, excessive interest in working in the sports industry, basic reengineering, relative disappointment from the ability of authorities, social position through academic education, desire for empowerment and lack of skills, injustice, and utilitarianism. Conclusion: Finally, by observing the mental images of the youth, it can be stated that sports science will move towards the dystopia if the current situation continues, and it can move towards the utopia with fundamental changes. In this direction, the stakeholders of sports sciences need to be together and disagreements need to be managed as well as arbitrariness of sports science professionals should be reduced.

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2022
  • Volume: 

    7
  • Issue: 

    2
  • Pages: 

    103-132
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    1
  • Views: 

    156
  • Downloads: 

    24
Abstract: 

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection and appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying and analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative and benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison and benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, Finland, Australia, South Africa, and Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, and welfare), education quality index, and other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection and appointment of principals through content analysis and comparison with Iran, the proposed framework for Iran has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities and differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection and appointment belongs to Japan and the lowest one is related to Finland.Conclusion: There are similarities between the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in Iran and selected countries. In Iran, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity and innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision and accountability, social image, leader skills, and purposefulness and foresight.

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